function ria1(url, target, otoc) {
    // native XMLHttpRequest object
	document.getElementById(otoc).style.display = 'none';
	document.getElementById(otoc).style.visibility = 'hidden';
	document.getElementById(target).style.display = 'block';
	document.getElementById(target).style.visibility = 'visible';
	document.getElementById(target).innerHTML = '<h3>retrieving content ...</h3>';

	if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        req = new XMLHttpRequest();
        req.onreadystatechange = function() {jahDone(target);};
        req.open("GET", url, true);

        req.send(null);
    // IE/Windows ActiveX version
	} else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
		req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
		if (req) {
            req.onreadystatechange = function() {jahDone(target);};
            req.open("GET", url, true);
			req.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8');
            req.send();
		}
	}

}    

function jahDone(target) {
    // only if req is "loaded"
    if (req.readyState == 4) {
        // only if "OK"
        if (req.status == 200) {
            results = req.responseText;
            document.getElementById(target).innerHTML = results;
        } else {
            document.getElementById(target).innerHTML="error: - \n" +
                req.statusText;
        }
	}
}

function ria2(target, otoc) {
    // native XMLHttpRequest object
	document.getElementById(otoc).style.display = 'none';
	document.getElementById(otoc).style.visibility = 'hidden';
	document.getElementById(target).style.display = 'block';
	document.getElementById(target).style.visibility = 'visible';
}

function ria3(url, target) {
    // native XMLHttpRequest object
	document.getElementById(target).style.display = 'block';
	document.getElementById(target).style.visibility = 'visible';
	document.getElementById(target).innerHTML = '<h3>retrieving content ...</h3>';

	if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        req = new XMLHttpRequest();
        req.onreadystatechange = function() {jahDone(target);};
        req.open("GET", url, true);

        req.send(null);
    // IE/Windows ActiveX version
	} else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
		req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
		if (req) {
            req.onreadystatechange = function() {jahDone3(target);};
            req.open("GET", url, true);
			req.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8');
            req.send();
		}
	}
}   

function jahDone3(target) {
    if (req.readyState == 4) {
        // only if "OK"
        if (req.status == 200) {
            results = req.responseText;
            document.getElementById(target).innerHTML = results;
        } else {
            document.getElementById(target).innerHTML="error: - \n" +
                req.statusText;
        }
	}
}